image-match/python/py/Lib/site-packages/numpy/ma/tests/test_old_ma.py

import pickle
from functools import reduce

import pytest

import numpy as np
import numpy._core.fromnumeric as fromnumeric
import numpy._core.umath as umath
from numpy.ma import (
    MaskedArray,
    MaskType,
    absolute,
    add,
    all,
    allclose,
    allequal,
    alltrue,
    arange,
    arccos,
    arcsin,
    arctan,
    arctan2,
    array,
    average,
    choose,
    concatenate,
    conjugate,
    cos,
    cosh,
    count,
    divide,
    equal,
    exp,
    filled,
    getmask,
    greater,
    greater_equal,
    inner,
    isMaskedArray,
    less,
    less_equal,
    log,
    log10,
    make_mask,
    masked,
    masked_array,
    masked_equal,
    masked_greater,
    masked_greater_equal,
    masked_inside,
    masked_less,
    masked_less_equal,
    masked_not_equal,
    masked_outside,
    masked_print_option,
    masked_values,
    masked_where,
    maximum,
    minimum,
    multiply,
    nomask,
    nonzero,
    not_equal,
    ones,
    outer,
    product,
    put,
    ravel,
    repeat,
    resize,
    shape,
    sin,
    sinh,
    sometrue,
    sort,
    sqrt,
    subtract,
    sum,
    take,
    tan,
    tanh,
    transpose,
    where,
    zeros,
)
from numpy.testing import assert_, assert_equal, assert_raises

pi = np.pi


def eq(v, w, msg=''):
    result = allclose(v, w)
    if not result:
        print(f'Not eq:{msg}\n{v}\n----{w}')
    return result


class TestMa:

    def _create_data(self):
        x = np.array([1., 1., 1., -2., pi / 2.0, 4., 5., -10., 10., 1., 2., 3.])
        y = np.array([5., 0., 3., 2., -1., -4., 0., -10., 10., 1., 0., 3.])
        a10 = 10.
        m1 = [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
        m2 = [0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1]
        xm = array(x, mask=m1)
        ym = array(y, mask=m2)
        z = np.array([-.5, 0., .5, .8])
        zm = array(z, mask=[0, 1, 0, 0])
        xf = np.where(m1, 1e+20, x)
        s = x.shape
        xm.set_fill_value(1e+20)
        return x, y, a10, m1, m2, xm, ym, z, zm, xf, s

    def test_testBasic1d(self):
        # Test of basic array creation and properties in 1 dimension.
        x, _, _, m1, _, xm, _, _, _, xf, s = self._create_data()
        assert_(not isMaskedArray(x))
        assert_(isMaskedArray(xm))
        assert_equal(shape(xm), s)
        assert_equal(xm.shape, s)
        assert_equal(xm.dtype, x.dtype)
        assert_equal(xm.size, reduce(lambda x, y: x * y, s))
        assert_equal(count(xm), len(m1) - reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, m1))
        assert_(eq(xm, xf))
        assert_(eq(filled(xm, 1.e20), xf))
        assert_(eq(x, xm))

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("s", [(4, 3), (6, 2)])
    def test_testBasic2d(self, s):
        # Test of basic array creation and properties in 2 dimensions.
        x, y, _, m1, _, xm, ym, _, _, xf, s = self._create_data()
        x.shape = s
        y.shape = s
        xm.shape = s
        ym.shape = s
        xf.shape = s

        assert_(not isMaskedArray(x))
        assert_(isMaskedArray(xm))
        assert_equal(shape(xm), s)
        assert_equal(xm.shape, s)
        assert_equal(xm.size, reduce(lambda x, y: x * y, s))
        assert_equal(count(xm), len(m1) - reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, m1))
        assert_(eq(xm, xf))
        assert_(eq(filled(xm, 1.e20), xf))
        assert_(eq(x, xm))

    def test_testArithmetic(self):
        # Test of basic arithmetic.
        x, y, a10, _, _, xm, ym, _, _, xf, s = self._create_data()
        a2d = array([[1, 2], [0, 4]])
        a2dm = masked_array(a2d, [[0, 0], [1, 0]])
        assert_(eq(a2d * a2d, a2d * a2dm))
        assert_(eq(a2d + a2d, a2d + a2dm))
        assert_(eq(a2d - a2d, a2d - a2dm))
        for s in [(12,), (4, 3), (2, 6)]:
            x = x.reshape(s)
            y = y.reshape(s)
            xm = xm.reshape(s)
            ym = ym.reshape(s)
            xf = xf.reshape(s)
            assert_(eq(-x, -xm))
            assert_(eq(x + y, xm + ym))
            assert_(eq(x - y, xm - ym))
            assert_(eq(x * y, xm * ym))
            with np.errstate(divide='ignore', invalid='ignore'):
                assert_(eq(x / y, xm / ym))
            assert_(eq(a10 + y, a10 + ym))
            assert_(eq(a10 - y, a10 - ym))
            assert_(eq(a10 * y, a10 * ym))
            with np.errstate(divide='ignore', invalid='ignore'):
                assert_(eq(a10 / y, a10 / ym))
            assert_(eq(x + a10, xm + a10))
            assert_(eq(x - a10, xm - a10))
            assert_(eq(x * a10, xm * a10))
            assert_(eq(x / a10, xm / a10))
            assert_(eq(x ** 2, xm ** 2))
            assert_(eq(abs(x) ** 2.5, abs(xm) ** 2.5))
            assert_(eq(x ** y, xm ** ym))
            assert_(eq(np.add(x, y), add(xm, ym)))
            assert_(eq(np.subtract(x, y), subtract(xm, ym)))
            assert_(eq(np.multiply(x, y), multiply(xm, ym)))
            with np.errstate(divide='ignore', invalid='ignore'):
                assert_(eq(np.divide(x, y), divide(xm, ym)))

    def test_testMixedArithmetic(self):
        na = np.array([1])
        ma = array([1])
        assert_(isinstance(na + ma, MaskedArray))
        assert_(isinstance(ma + na, MaskedArray))

    def test_testUfuncs1(self):
        # Test various functions such as sin, cos.
        x, y, _, _, _, xm, ym, z, zm, _, _ = self._create_data()
        assert_(eq(np.cos(x), cos(xm)))
        assert_(eq(np.cosh(x), cosh(xm)))
        assert_(eq(np.sin(x), sin(xm)))
        assert_(eq(np.sinh(x), sinh(xm)))
        assert_(eq(np.tan(x), tan(xm)))
        assert_(eq(np.tanh(x), tanh(xm)))
        with np.errstate(divide='ignore', invalid='ignore'):
            assert_(eq(np.sqrt(abs(x)), sqrt(xm)))
            assert_(eq(np.log(abs(x)), log(xm)))
            assert_(eq(np.log10(abs(x)), log10(xm)))
        assert_(eq(np.exp(x), exp(xm)))
        assert_(eq(np.arcsin(z), arcsin(zm)))
        assert_(eq(np.arccos(z), arccos(zm)))
        assert_(eq(np.arctan(z), arctan(zm)))
        assert_(eq(np.arctan2(x, y), arctan2(xm, ym)))
        assert_(eq(np.absolute(x), absolute(xm)))
        assert_(eq(np.equal(x, y), equal(xm, ym)))
        assert_(eq(np.not_equal(x, y), not_equal(xm, ym)))
        assert_(eq(np.less(x, y), less(xm, ym)))
        assert_(eq(np.greater(x, y), greater(xm, ym)))
        assert_(eq(np.less_equal(x, y), less_equal(xm, ym)))
        assert_(eq(np.greater_equal(x, y), greater_equal(xm, ym)))
        assert_(eq(np.conjugate(x), conjugate(xm)))
        assert_(eq(np.concatenate((x, y)), concatenate((xm, ym))))
        assert_(eq(np.concatenate((x, y)), concatenate((x, y))))
        assert_(eq(np.concatenate((x, y)), concatenate((xm, y))))
        assert_(eq(np.concatenate((x, y, x)), concatenate((x, ym, x))))

    def test_xtestCount(self):
        # Test count
        ott = array([0., 1., 2., 3.], mask=[1, 0, 0, 0])
        assert_(count(ott).dtype.type is np.intp)
        assert_equal(3, count(ott))
        assert_equal(1, count(1))
        assert_(eq(0, array(1, mask=[1])))
        ott = ott.reshape((2, 2))
        assert_(count(ott).dtype.type is np.intp)
        assert_(isinstance(count(ott, 0), np.ndarray))
        assert_(count(ott).dtype.type is np.intp)
        assert_(eq(3, count(ott)))
        assert_(getmask(count(ott, 0)) is nomask)
        assert_(eq([1, 2], count(ott, 0)))

    def test_testMinMax(self):
        # Test minimum and maximum.
        x, _, _, _, _, xm, _, _, _, _, _ = self._create_data()
        xr = np.ravel(x)  # max doesn't work if shaped
        xmr = ravel(xm)

        # true because of careful selection of data
        assert_(eq(max(xr), maximum.reduce(xmr)))
        assert_(eq(min(xr), minimum.reduce(xmr)))

    def test_testAddSumProd(self):
        # Test add, sum, product.
        x, y, _, _, _, xm, ym, _, _, _, s = self._create_data()
        assert_(eq(np.add.reduce(x), add.reduce(x)))
        assert_(eq(np.add.accumulate(x), add.accumulate(x)))
        assert_(eq(4, sum(array(4), axis=0)))
        assert_(eq(4, sum(array(4), axis=0)))
        assert_(eq(np.sum(x, axis=0), sum(x, axis=0)))
        assert_(eq(np.sum(filled(xm, 0), axis=0), sum(xm, axis=0)))
        assert_(eq(np.sum(x, 0), sum(x, 0)))
        assert_(eq(np.prod(x, axis=0), product(x, axis=0)))
        assert_(eq(np.prod(x, 0), product(x, 0)))
        assert_(eq(np.prod(filled(xm, 1), axis=0),
                           product(xm, axis=0)))
        if len(s) > 1:
            assert_(eq(np.concatenate((x, y), 1),
                               concatenate((xm, ym), 1)))
            assert_(eq(np.add.reduce(x, 1), add.reduce(x, 1)))
            assert_(eq(np.sum(x, 1), sum(x, 1)))
            assert_(eq(np.prod(x, 1), product(x, 1)))

    def test_testCI(self):
        # Test of conversions and indexing
        x1 = np.array([1, 2, 4, 3])
        x2 = array(x1, mask=[1, 0, 0, 0])
        x3 = array(x1, mask=[0, 1, 0, 1])
        x4 = array(x1)
        # test conversion to strings
        str(x2)  # raises?
        repr(x2)  # raises?
        assert_(eq(np.sort(x1), sort(x2, fill_value=0)))
        # tests of indexing
        assert_(type(x2[1]) is type(x1[1]))
        assert_(x1[1] == x2[1])
        assert_(x2[0] is masked)
        assert_(eq(x1[2], x2[2]))
        assert_(eq(x1[2:5], x2[2:5]))
        assert_(eq(x1[:], x2[:]))
        assert_(eq(x1[1:], x3[1:]))
        x1[2] = 9
        x2[2] = 9
        assert_(eq(x1, x2))
        x1[1:3] = 99
        x2[1:3] = 99
        assert_(eq(x1, x2))
        x2[1] = masked
        assert_(eq(x1, x2))
        x2[1:3] = masked
        assert_(eq(x1, x2))
        x2[:] = x1
        x2[1] = masked
        assert_(allequal(getmask(x2), array([0, 1, 0, 0])))
        x3[:] = masked_array([1, 2, 3, 4], [0, 1, 1, 0])
        assert_(allequal(getmask(x3), array([0, 1, 1, 0])))
        x4[:] = masked_array([1, 2, 3, 4], [0, 1, 1, 0])
        assert_(allequal(getmask(x4), array([0, 1, 1, 0])))
        assert_(allequal(x4, array([1, 2, 3, 4])))
        x1 = np.arange(5) * 1.0
        x2 = masked_values(x1, 3.0)
        assert_(eq(x1, x2))
        assert_(allequal(array([0, 0, 0, 1, 0], MaskType), x2.mask))
        assert_(eq(3.0, x2.fill_value))
        x1 = array([1, 'hello', 2, 3], object)
        x2 = np.array([1, 'hello', 2, 3], object)
        s1 = x1[1]
        s2 = x2[1]
        assert_equal(type(s2), str)
        assert_equal(type(s1), str)
        assert_equal(s1, s2)
        assert_(x1[1:1].shape == (0,))

    def test_testCopySize(self):
        # Tests of some subtle points of copying and sizing.
        n = [0, 0, 1, 0, 0]
        m = make_mask(n)
        m2 = make_mask(m)
        assert_(m is m2)
        m3 = make_mask(m, copy=True)
        assert_(m is not m3)

        x1 = np.arange(5)
        y1 = array(x1, mask=m)
        assert_(y1._data is not x1)
        assert_(allequal(x1, y1._data))
        assert_(y1._mask is m)

        y1a = array(y1, copy=0)
        # For copy=False, one might expect that the array would just
        # passed on, i.e., that it would be "is" instead of "==".
        # See gh-4043 for discussion.
        assert_(y1a._mask.__array_interface__ ==
                y1._mask.__array_interface__)

        y2 = array(x1, mask=m3, copy=0)
        assert_(y2._mask is m3)
        assert_(y2[2] is masked)
        y2[2] = 9
        assert_(y2[2] is not masked)
        assert_(y2._mask is m3)
        assert_(allequal(y2.mask, 0))

        y2a = array(x1, mask=m, copy=1)
        assert_(y2a._mask is not m)
        assert_(y2a[2] is masked)
        y2a[2] = 9
        assert_(y2a[2] is not masked)
        assert_(y2a._mask is not m)
        assert_(allequal(y2a.mask, 0))

        y3 = array(x1 * 1.0, mask=m)
        assert_(filled(y3).dtype is (x1 * 1.0).dtype)

        x4 = arange(4)
        x4[2] = masked
        y4 = resize(x4, (8,))
        assert_(eq(concatenate([x4, x4]), y4))
        assert_(eq(getmask(y4), [0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0]))
        y5 = repeat(x4, (2, 2, 2, 2), axis=0)
        assert_(eq(y5, [0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3]))
        y6 = repeat(x4, 2, axis=0)
        assert_(eq(y5, y6))

    def test_testPut(self):
        # Test of put
        d = arange(5)
        n = [0, 0, 0, 1, 1]
        m = make_mask(n)
        m2 = m.copy()
        x = array(d, mask=m)
        assert_(x[3] is masked)
        assert_(x[4] is masked)
        x[[1, 4]] = [10, 40]
        assert_(x._mask is m)
        assert_(x[3] is masked)
        assert_(x[4] is not masked)
        assert_(eq(x, [0, 10, 2, -1, 40]))

        x = array(d, mask=m2, copy=True)
        x.put([0, 1, 2], [-1, 100, 200])
        assert_(x._mask is not m2)
        assert_(x[3] is masked)
        assert_(x[4] is masked)
        assert_(eq(x, [-1, 100, 200, 0, 0]))

    def test_testPut2(self):
        # Test of put
        d = arange(5)
        x = array(d, mask=[0, 0, 0, 0, 0])
        z = array([10, 40], mask=[1, 0])
        assert_(x[2] is not masked)
        assert_(x[3] is not masked)
        x[2:4] = z
        assert_(x[2] is masked)
        assert_(x[3] is not masked)
        assert_(eq(x, [0, 1, 10, 40, 4]))

        d = arange(5)
        x = array(d, mask=[0, 0, 0, 0, 0])
        y = x[2:4]
        z = array([10, 40], mask=[1, 0])
        assert_(x[2] is not masked)
        assert_(x[3] is not masked)
        y[:] = z
        assert_(y[0] is masked)
        assert_(y[1] is not masked)
        assert_(eq(y, [10, 40]))
        assert_(x[2] is masked)
        assert_(x[3] is not masked)
        assert_(eq(x, [0, 1, 10, 40, 4]))

    def test_testMaPut(self):
        _, _, _, _, _, _, ym, _, zm, _, _ = self._create_data()
        m = [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1]
        i = np.nonzero(m)[0]
        put(ym, i, zm)
        assert_(all(take(ym, i, axis=0) == zm))

    def test_testOddFeatures(self):
        # Test of other odd features
        x = arange(20)
        x = x.reshape(4, 5)
        x.flat[5] = 12
        assert_(x[1, 0] == 12)
        z = x + 10j * x
        assert_(eq(z.real, x))
        assert_(eq(z.imag, 10 * x))
        assert_(eq((z * conjugate(z)).real, 101 * x * x))
        z.imag[...] = 0.0

        x = arange(10)
        x[3] = masked
        assert_(str(x[3]) == str(masked))
        c = x >= 8
        assert_(count(where(c, masked, masked)) == 0)
        assert_(shape(where(c, masked, masked)) == c.shape)
        z = where(c, x, masked)
        assert_(z.dtype is x.dtype)
        assert_(z[3] is masked)
        assert_(z[4] is masked)
        assert_(z[7] is masked)
        assert_(z[8] is not masked)
        assert_(z[9] is not masked)
        assert_(eq(x, z))
        z = where(c, masked, x)
        assert_(z.dtype is x.dtype)
        assert_(z[3] is masked)
        assert_(z[4] is not masked)
        assert_(z[7] is not masked)
        assert_(z[8] is masked)
        assert_(z[9] is masked)
        z = masked_where(c, x)
        assert_(z.dtype is x.dtype)
        assert_(z[3] is masked)
        assert_(z[4] is not masked)
        assert_(z[7] is not masked)
        assert_(z[8] is masked)
        assert_(z[9] is masked)
        assert_(eq(x, z))
        x = array([1., 2., 3., 4., 5.])
        c = array([1, 1, 1, 0, 0])
        x[2] = masked
        z = where(c, x, -x)
        assert_(eq(z, [1., 2., 0., -4., -5]))
        c[0] = masked
        z = where(c, x, -x)
        assert_(eq(z, [1., 2., 0., -4., -5]))
        assert_(z[0] is masked)
        assert_(z[1] is not masked)
        assert_(z[2] is masked)
        assert_(eq(masked_where(greater(x, 2), x), masked_greater(x, 2)))
        assert_(eq(masked_where(greater_equal(x, 2), x),
                   masked_greater_equal(x, 2)))
        assert_(eq(masked_where(less(x, 2), x), masked_less(x, 2)))
        assert_(eq(masked_where(less_equal(x, 2), x), masked_less_equal(x, 2)))
        assert_(eq(masked_where(not_equal(x, 2), x), masked_not_equal(x, 2)))
        assert_(eq(masked_where(equal(x, 2), x), masked_equal(x, 2)))
        assert_(eq(masked_where(not_equal(x, 2), x), masked_not_equal(x, 2)))
        assert_(eq(masked_inside(list(range(5)), 1, 3), [0, 199, 199, 199, 4]))
        assert_(eq(masked_outside(list(range(5)), 1, 3), [199, 1, 2, 3, 199]))
        assert_(eq(masked_inside(array(list(range(5)),
                                       mask=[1, 0, 0, 0, 0]), 1, 3).mask,
                   [1, 1, 1, 1, 0]))
        assert_(eq(masked_outside(array(list(range(5)),
                                        mask=[0, 1, 0, 0, 0]), 1, 3).mask,
                   [1, 1, 0, 0, 1]))
        assert_(eq(masked_equal(array(list(range(5)),
                                      mask=[1, 0, 0, 0, 0]), 2).mask,
                   [1, 0, 1, 0, 0]))
        assert_(eq(masked_not_equal(array([2, 2, 1, 2, 1],
                                          mask=[1, 0, 0, 0, 0]), 2).mask,
                   [1, 0, 1, 0, 1]))
        assert_(eq(masked_where([1, 1, 0, 0, 0], [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]),
                   [99, 99, 3, 4, 5]))
        atest = ones((10, 10, 10), dtype=np.float32)
        btest = zeros(atest.shape, MaskType)
        ctest = masked_where(btest, atest)
        assert_(eq(atest, ctest))
        z = choose(c, (-x, x))
        assert_(eq(z, [1., 2., 0., -4., -5]))
        assert_(z[0] is masked)
        assert_(z[1] is not masked)
        assert_(z[2] is masked)
        x = arange(6)
        x[5] = masked
        y = arange(6) * 10
        y[2] = masked
        c = array([1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0], mask=[1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0])
        cm = c.filled(1)
        z = where(c, x, y)
        zm = where(cm, x, y)
        assert_(eq(z, zm))
        assert_(getmask(zm) is nomask)
        assert_(eq(zm, [0, 1, 2, 30, 40, 50]))
        z = where(c, masked, 1)
        assert_(eq(z, [99, 99, 99, 1, 1, 1]))
        z = where(c, 1, masked)
        assert_(eq(z, [99, 1, 1, 99, 99, 99]))

    def test_testMinMax2(self):
        # Test of minimum, maximum.
        assert_(eq(minimum([1, 2, 3], [4, 0, 9]), [1, 0, 3]))
        assert_(eq(maximum([1, 2, 3], [4, 0, 9]), [4, 2, 9]))
        x = arange(5)
        y = arange(5) - 2
        x[3] = masked
        y[0] = masked
        assert_(eq(minimum(x, y), where(less(x, y), x, y)))
        assert_(eq(maximum(x, y), where(greater(x, y), x, y)))
        assert_(minimum.reduce(x) == 0)
        assert_(maximum.reduce(x) == 4)

    def test_testTakeTransposeInnerOuter(self):
        # Test of take, transpose, inner, outer products
        x = arange(24)
        y = np.arange(24)
        x[5:6] = masked
        x = x.reshape(2, 3, 4)
        y = y.reshape(2, 3, 4)
        assert_(eq(np.transpose(y, (2, 0, 1)), transpose(x, (2, 0, 1))))
        assert_(eq(np.take(y, (2, 0, 1), 1), take(x, (2, 0, 1), 1)))
        assert_(eq(np.inner(filled(x, 0), filled(y, 0)),
                   inner(x, y)))
        assert_(eq(np.outer(filled(x, 0), filled(y, 0)),
                   outer(x, y)))
        y = array(['abc', 1, 'def', 2, 3], object)
        y[2] = masked
        t = take(y, [0, 3, 4])
        assert_(t[0] == 'abc')
        assert_(t[1] == 2)
        assert_(t[2] == 3)

    def test_testInplace(self):
        # Test of inplace operations and rich comparisons
        y = arange(10)

        x = arange(10)
        xm = arange(10)
        xm[2] = masked
        x += 1
        assert_(eq(x, y + 1))
        xm += 1
        assert_(eq(x, y + 1))

        x = arange(10)
        xm = arange(10)
        xm[2] = masked
        x -= 1
        assert_(eq(x, y - 1))
        xm -= 1
        assert_(eq(xm, y - 1))

        x = arange(10) * 1.0
        xm = arange(10) * 1.0
        xm[2] = masked
        x *= 2.0
        assert_(eq(x, y * 2))
        xm *= 2.0
        assert_(eq(xm, y * 2))

        x = arange(10) * 2
        xm = arange(10)
        xm[2] = masked
        x //= 2
        assert_(eq(x, y))
        xm //= 2
        assert_(eq(x, y))

        x = arange(10) * 1.0
        xm = arange(10) * 1.0
        xm[2] = masked
        x /= 2.0
        assert_(eq(x, y / 2.0))
        xm /= arange(10)
        assert_(eq(xm, ones((10,))))

        x = arange(10).astype(np.float32)
        xm = arange(10)
        xm[2] = masked
        x += 1.
        assert_(eq(x, y + 1.))

    def test_testPickle(self):
        # Test of pickling
        x = arange(12)
        x[4:10:2] = masked
        x = x.reshape(4, 3)
        for proto in range(2, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
            s = pickle.dumps(x, protocol=proto)
            y = pickle.loads(s)
            assert_(eq(x, y))

    def test_testMasked(self):
        # Test of masked element
        xx = arange(6)
        xx[1] = masked
        assert_(str(masked) == '--')
        assert_(xx[1] is masked)
        assert_equal(filled(xx[1], 0), 0)

    def test_testAverage1(self):
        # Test of average.
        ott = array([0., 1., 2., 3.], mask=[1, 0, 0, 0])
        assert_(eq(2.0, average(ott, axis=0)))
        assert_(eq(2.0, average(ott, weights=[1., 1., 2., 1.])))
        result, wts = average(ott, weights=[1., 1., 2., 1.], returned=True)
        assert_(eq(2.0, result))
        assert_(wts == 4.0)
        ott[:] = masked
        assert_(average(ott, axis=0) is masked)
        ott = array([0., 1., 2., 3.], mask=[1, 0, 0, 0])
        ott = ott.reshape(2, 2)
        ott[:, 1] = masked
        assert_(eq(average(ott, axis=0), [2.0, 0.0]))
        assert_(average(ott, axis=1)[0] is masked)
        assert_(eq([2., 0.], average(ott, axis=0)))
        result, wts = average(ott, axis=0, returned=True)
        assert_(eq(wts, [1., 0.]))

    def test_testAverage2(self):
        # More tests of average.
        w1 = [0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0]
        w2 = [[0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0], [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1]]
        x = arange(6)
        assert_(allclose(average(x, axis=0), 2.5))
        assert_(allclose(average(x, axis=0, weights=w1), 2.5))
        y = array([arange(6), 2.0 * arange(6)])
        assert_(allclose(average(y, None),
                                 np.add.reduce(np.arange(6)) * 3. / 12.))
        assert_(allclose(average(y, axis=0), np.arange(6) * 3. / 2.))
        assert_(allclose(average(y, axis=1),
                                 [average(x, axis=0), average(x, axis=0) * 2.0]))
        assert_(allclose(average(y, None, weights=w2), 20. / 6.))
        assert_(allclose(average(y, axis=0, weights=w2),
                                 [0., 1., 2., 3., 4., 10.]))
        assert_(allclose(average(y, axis=1),
                                 [average(x, axis=0), average(x, axis=0) * 2.0]))
        m1 = zeros(6)
        m2 = [0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0]
        m3 = [[0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0], [0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0]]
        m4 = ones(6)
        m5 = [0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
        assert_(allclose(average(masked_array(x, m1), axis=0), 2.5))
        assert_(allclose(average(masked_array(x, m2), axis=0), 2.5))
        assert_(average(masked_array(x, m4), axis=0) is masked)
        assert_equal(average(masked_array(x, m5), axis=0), 0.0)
        assert_equal(count(average(masked_array(x, m4), axis=0)), 0)
        z = masked_array(y, m3)
        assert_(allclose(average(z, None), 20. / 6.))
        assert_(allclose(average(z, axis=0),
                                 [0., 1., 99., 99., 4.0, 7.5]))
        assert_(allclose(average(z, axis=1), [2.5, 5.0]))
        assert_(allclose(average(z, axis=0, weights=w2),
                                 [0., 1., 99., 99., 4.0, 10.0]))

        a = arange(6)
        b = arange(6) * 3
        r1, w1 = average([[a, b], [b, a]], axis=1, returned=True)
        assert_equal(shape(r1), shape(w1))
        assert_equal(r1.shape, w1.shape)
        r2, w2 = average(ones((2, 2, 3)), axis=0, weights=[3, 1], returned=True)
        assert_equal(shape(w2), shape(r2))
        r2, w2 = average(ones((2, 2, 3)), returned=True)
        assert_equal(shape(w2), shape(r2))
        r2, w2 = average(ones((2, 2, 3)), weights=ones((2, 2, 3)), returned=True)
        assert_(shape(w2) == shape(r2))
        a2d = array([[1, 2], [0, 4]], float)
        a2dm = masked_array(a2d, [[0, 0], [1, 0]])
        a2da = average(a2d, axis=0)
        assert_(eq(a2da, [0.5, 3.0]))
        a2dma = average(a2dm, axis=0)
        assert_(eq(a2dma, [1.0, 3.0]))
        a2dma = average(a2dm, axis=None)
        assert_(eq(a2dma, 7. / 3.))
        a2dma = average(a2dm, axis=1)
        assert_(eq(a2dma, [1.5, 4.0]))

    def test_testToPython(self):
        assert_equal(1, int(array(1)))
        assert_equal(1.0, float(array(1)))
        assert_equal(1, int(array([[[1]]])))
        assert_equal(1.0, float(array([[1]])))
        assert_raises(TypeError, float, array([1, 1]))
        assert_raises(ValueError, bool, array([0, 1]))
        assert_raises(ValueError, bool, array([0, 0], mask=[0, 1]))

    def test_testScalarArithmetic(self):
        xm = array(0, mask=1)
        # TODO FIXME: Find out what the following raises a warning in r8247
        with np.errstate(divide='ignore'):
            assert_((1 / array(0)).mask)
        assert_((1 + xm).mask)
        assert_((-xm).mask)
        assert_((-xm).mask)
        assert_(maximum(xm, xm).mask)
        assert_(minimum(xm, xm).mask)
        assert_(xm.filled().dtype is xm._data.dtype)
        x = array(0, mask=0)
        assert_(x.filled() == x._data)
        assert_equal(str(xm), str(masked_print_option))

    def test_testArrayMethods(self):
        a = array([1, 3, 2])
        assert_(eq(a.any(), a._data.any()))
        assert_(eq(a.all(), a._data.all()))
        assert_(eq(a.argmax(), a._data.argmax()))
        assert_(eq(a.argmin(), a._data.argmin()))
        assert_(eq(a.choose(0, 1, 2, 3, 4),
                           a._data.choose(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)))
        assert_(eq(a.compress([1, 0, 1]), a._data.compress([1, 0, 1])))
        assert_(eq(a.conj(), a._data.conj()))
        assert_(eq(a.conjugate(), a._data.conjugate()))
        m = array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
        assert_(eq(m.diagonal(), m._data.diagonal()))
        assert_(eq(a.sum(), a._data.sum()))
        assert_(eq(a.take([1, 2]), a._data.take([1, 2])))
        assert_(eq(m.transpose(), m._data.transpose()))

    def test_testArrayAttributes(self):
        a = array([1, 3, 2])
        assert_equal(a.ndim, 1)

    def test_testAPI(self):
        assert_(not [m for m in dir(np.ndarray)
                     if m not in dir(MaskedArray) and
                     not m.startswith('_')])

    def test_testSingleElementSubscript(self):
        a = array([1, 3, 2])
        b = array([1, 3, 2], mask=[1, 0, 1])
        assert_equal(a[0].shape, ())
        assert_equal(b[0].shape, ())
        assert_equal(b[1].shape, ())

    def test_assignment_by_condition(self):
        # Test for gh-18951
        a = array([1, 2, 3, 4], mask=[1, 0, 1, 0])
        c = a >= 3
        a[c] = 5
        assert_(a[2] is masked)

    def test_assignment_by_condition_2(self):
        # gh-19721
        a = masked_array([0, 1], mask=[False, False])
        b = masked_array([0, 1], mask=[True, True])
        mask = a < 1
        b[mask] = a[mask]
        expected_mask = [False, True]
        assert_equal(b.mask, expected_mask)


class TestUfuncs:

    def _create_data(self):
        return (array([1.0, 0, -1, pi / 2] * 2, mask=[0, 1] + [0] * 6),
                  array([1.0, 0, -1, pi / 2] * 2, mask=[1, 0] + [0] * 6),)

    def test_testUfuncRegression(self):
        f_invalid_ignore = [
            'sqrt', 'arctanh', 'arcsin', 'arccos',
            'arccosh', 'arctanh', 'log', 'log10', 'divide',
            'true_divide', 'floor_divide', 'remainder', 'fmod']
        for f in ['sqrt', 'log', 'log10', 'exp', 'conjugate',
                  'sin', 'cos', 'tan',
                  'arcsin', 'arccos', 'arctan',
                  'sinh', 'cosh', 'tanh',
                  'arcsinh',
                  'arccosh',
                  'arctanh',
                  'absolute', 'fabs', 'negative',
                  'floor', 'ceil',
                  'logical_not',
                  'add', 'subtract', 'multiply',
                  'divide', 'true_divide', 'floor_divide',
                  'remainder', 'fmod', 'hypot', 'arctan2',
                  'equal', 'not_equal', 'less_equal', 'greater_equal',
                  'less', 'greater',
                  'logical_and', 'logical_or', 'logical_xor']:
            try:
                uf = getattr(umath, f)
            except AttributeError:
                uf = getattr(fromnumeric, f)
            mf = getattr(np.ma, f)
            args = self._create_data()[:uf.nin]
            with np.errstate():
                if f in f_invalid_ignore:
                    np.seterr(invalid='ignore')
                if f in ['arctanh', 'log', 'log10']:
                    np.seterr(divide='ignore')
                ur = uf(*args)
                mr = mf(*args)
            assert_(eq(ur.filled(0), mr.filled(0), f))
            assert_(eqmask(ur.mask, mr.mask))

    def test_reduce(self):
        a = self._create_data()[0]
        assert_(not alltrue(a, axis=0))
        assert_(sometrue(a, axis=0))
        assert_equal(sum(a[:3], axis=0), 0)
        assert_equal(product(a, axis=0), 0)

    def test_minmax(self):
        a = arange(1, 13).reshape(3, 4)
        amask = masked_where(a < 5, a)
        assert_equal(amask.max(), a.max())
        assert_equal(amask.min(), 5)
        assert_((amask.max(0) == a.max(0)).all())
        assert_((amask.min(0) == [5, 6, 7, 8]).all())
        assert_(amask.max(1)[0].mask)
        assert_(amask.min(1)[0].mask)

    def test_nonzero(self):
        for t in "?bhilqpBHILQPfdgFDGO":
            x = array([1, 0, 2, 0], mask=[0, 0, 1, 1])
            assert_(eq(nonzero(x), [0]))


class TestArrayMethods:

    def _create_data(self):
        x = np.array([8.375, 7.545, 8.828, 8.5, 1.757, 5.928,
                      8.43, 7.78, 9.865, 5.878, 8.979, 4.732,
                      3.012, 6.022, 5.095, 3.116, 5.238, 3.957,
                      6.04, 9.63, 7.712, 3.382, 4.489, 6.479,
                      7.189, 9.645, 5.395, 4.961, 9.894, 2.893,
                      7.357, 9.828, 6.272, 3.758, 6.693, 0.993])
        X = x.reshape(6, 6)
        XX = x.reshape(3, 2, 2, 3)

        m = np.array([0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0,
                      1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1,
                      0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1,
                      0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1,
                      1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0,
                      0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0])
        mx = array(data=x, mask=m)
        mX = array(data=X, mask=m.reshape(X.shape))
        mXX = array(data=XX, mask=m.reshape(XX.shape))

        return x, X, XX, m, mx, mX, mXX

    def test_trace(self):
        _, X, _, _, _, mX, _ = self._create_data()
        mXdiag = mX.diagonal()
        assert_equal(mX.trace(), mX.diagonal().compressed().sum())
        assert_(eq(mX.trace(),
                           X.trace() - sum(mXdiag.mask * X.diagonal(),
                                           axis=0)))

    def test_clip(self):
        x, _, _, _, mx, _, _ = self._create_data()
        clipped = mx.clip(2, 8)
        assert_(eq(clipped.mask, mx.mask))
        assert_(eq(clipped._data, x.clip(2, 8)))
        assert_(eq(clipped._data, mx._data.clip(2, 8)))

    def test_ptp(self):
        _, X, _, m, mx, mX, _ = self._create_data()
        n, m = X.shape
        # print(type(mx), mx.compressed())
        # raise Exception()
        assert_equal(mx.ptp(), np.ptp(mx.compressed()))
        rows = np.zeros(n, np.float64)
        cols = np.zeros(m, np.float64)
        for k in range(m):
            cols[k] = np.ptp(mX[:, k].compressed())
        for k in range(n):
            rows[k] = np.ptp(mX[k].compressed())
        assert_(eq(mX.ptp(0), cols))
        assert_(eq(mX.ptp(1), rows))

    def test_swapaxes(self):
        _, _, _, _, _, mX, mXX = self._create_data()
        mXswapped = mX.swapaxes(0, 1)
        assert_(eq(mXswapped[-1], mX[:, -1]))
        mXXswapped = mXX.swapaxes(0, 2)
        assert_equal(mXXswapped.shape, (2, 2, 3, 3))

    def test_cumprod(self):
        mX = self._create_data()[5]
        mXcp = mX.cumprod(0)
        assert_(eq(mXcp._data, mX.filled(1).cumprod(0)))
        mXcp = mX.cumprod(1)
        assert_(eq(mXcp._data, mX.filled(1).cumprod(1)))

    def test_cumsum(self):
        mX = self._create_data()[5]
        mXcp = mX.cumsum(0)
        assert_(eq(mXcp._data, mX.filled(0).cumsum(0)))
        mXcp = mX.cumsum(1)
        assert_(eq(mXcp._data, mX.filled(0).cumsum(1)))

    def test_varstd(self):
        _, X, XX, _, _, mX, mXX = self._create_data()
        assert_(eq(mX.var(axis=None), mX.compressed().var()))
        assert_(eq(mX.std(axis=None), mX.compressed().std()))
        assert_(eq(mXX.var(axis=3).shape, XX.var(axis=3).shape))
        assert_(eq(mX.var().shape, X.var().shape))
        (mXvar0, mXvar1) = (mX.var(axis=0), mX.var(axis=1))
        for k in range(6):
            assert_(eq(mXvar1[k], mX[k].compressed().var()))
            assert_(eq(mXvar0[k], mX[:, k].compressed().var()))
            assert_(eq(np.sqrt(mXvar0[k]),
                               mX[:, k].compressed().std()))


def eqmask(m1, m2):
    if m1 is nomask:
        return m2 is nomask
    if m2 is nomask:
        return m1 is nomask
    return (m1 == m2).all()