kernelspec.py 15 KB

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  1. """Tools for managing kernel specs"""
  2. # Copyright (c) Jupyter Development Team.
  3. # Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
  4. from __future__ import annotations
  5. import json
  6. import os
  7. import re
  8. import shutil
  9. import typing as t
  10. import warnings
  11. from jupyter_core.paths import SYSTEM_JUPYTER_PATH, jupyter_data_dir, jupyter_path
  12. from traitlets import Bool, CaselessStrEnum, Dict, HasTraits, List, Set, Type, Unicode, observe
  13. from traitlets.config import LoggingConfigurable
  14. from .provisioning import KernelProvisionerFactory as KPF # noqa
  15. pjoin = os.path.join
  16. NATIVE_KERNEL_NAME = "python3"
  17. class KernelSpec(HasTraits):
  18. """A kernel spec model object."""
  19. argv: List[str] = List()
  20. name = Unicode()
  21. mimetype = Unicode()
  22. display_name = Unicode()
  23. language = Unicode()
  24. kernel_protocol_version = Unicode()
  25. env = Dict()
  26. resource_dir = Unicode()
  27. interrupt_mode = CaselessStrEnum(["message", "signal"], default_value="signal")
  28. metadata = Dict()
  29. @classmethod
  30. def from_resource_dir(cls: type[KernelSpec], resource_dir: str) -> KernelSpec:
  31. """Create a KernelSpec object by reading kernel.json
  32. Pass the path to the *directory* containing kernel.json.
  33. """
  34. kernel_file = pjoin(resource_dir, "kernel.json")
  35. with open(kernel_file, encoding="utf-8") as f:
  36. kernel_dict = json.load(f)
  37. return cls(resource_dir=resource_dir, **kernel_dict)
  38. def to_dict(self) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
  39. """Convert the kernel spec to a dict."""
  40. d = {
  41. "argv": self.argv,
  42. "env": self.env,
  43. "display_name": self.display_name,
  44. "language": self.language,
  45. "interrupt_mode": self.interrupt_mode,
  46. "metadata": self.metadata,
  47. "kernel_protocol_version": self.kernel_protocol_version,
  48. }
  49. return d
  50. def to_json(self) -> str:
  51. """Serialise this kernelspec to a JSON object.
  52. Returns a string.
  53. """
  54. return json.dumps(self.to_dict())
  55. _kernel_name_pat = re.compile(r"^[a-z0-9._\-]+$", re.IGNORECASE)
  56. def _is_valid_kernel_name(name: str) -> t.Any:
  57. """Check that a kernel name is valid."""
  58. # quote is not unicode-safe on Python 2
  59. return _kernel_name_pat.match(name)
  60. _kernel_name_description = (
  61. "Kernel names can only contain ASCII letters and numbers and these separators:"
  62. " - . _ (hyphen, period, and underscore)."
  63. )
  64. def _is_kernel_dir(path: str) -> bool:
  65. """Is ``path`` a kernel directory?"""
  66. return os.path.isdir(path) and os.path.isfile(pjoin(path, "kernel.json"))
  67. def _list_kernels_in(dir: str | None) -> dict[str, str]:
  68. """Return a mapping of kernel names to resource directories from dir.
  69. If dir is None or does not exist, returns an empty dict.
  70. """
  71. if dir is None or not os.path.isdir(dir):
  72. return {}
  73. kernels = {}
  74. for f in os.listdir(dir):
  75. path = pjoin(dir, f)
  76. if not _is_kernel_dir(path):
  77. continue
  78. key = f.lower()
  79. if not _is_valid_kernel_name(key):
  80. warnings.warn(
  81. f"Invalid kernelspec directory name ({_kernel_name_description}): {path}",
  82. stacklevel=3,
  83. )
  84. kernels[key] = path
  85. return kernels
  86. class NoSuchKernel(KeyError): # noqa
  87. """An error raised when there is no kernel of a give name."""
  88. def __init__(self, name: str) -> None:
  89. """Initialize the error."""
  90. self.name = name
  91. def __str__(self) -> str:
  92. return f"No such kernel named {self.name}"
  93. class KernelSpecManager(LoggingConfigurable):
  94. """A manager for kernel specs."""
  95. kernel_spec_class = Type(
  96. KernelSpec,
  97. config=True,
  98. help="""The kernel spec class. This is configurable to allow
  99. subclassing of the KernelSpecManager for customized behavior.
  100. """,
  101. )
  102. ensure_native_kernel = Bool(
  103. True,
  104. config=True,
  105. help="""If there is no Python kernelspec registered and the IPython
  106. kernel is available, ensure it is added to the spec list.
  107. """,
  108. )
  109. data_dir = Unicode()
  110. def _data_dir_default(self) -> str:
  111. return jupyter_data_dir()
  112. user_kernel_dir = Unicode()
  113. def _user_kernel_dir_default(self) -> str:
  114. return pjoin(self.data_dir, "kernels")
  115. whitelist = Set(
  116. config=True,
  117. help="""Deprecated, use `KernelSpecManager.allowed_kernelspecs`
  118. """,
  119. )
  120. allowed_kernelspecs = Set(
  121. config=True,
  122. help="""List of allowed kernel names.
  123. By default, all installed kernels are allowed.
  124. """,
  125. )
  126. kernel_dirs: List[str] = List(
  127. help="List of kernel directories to search. Later ones take priority over earlier."
  128. )
  129. _deprecated_aliases = {
  130. "whitelist": ("allowed_kernelspecs", "7.0"),
  131. }
  132. # Method copied from
  133. # https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/blob/d1a85e53dccfc7b1dd81b0c1985d158cc6b61820/jupyterhub/auth.py#L143-L161
  134. @observe(*list(_deprecated_aliases))
  135. def _deprecated_trait(self, change: t.Any) -> None:
  136. """observer for deprecated traits"""
  137. old_attr = change.name
  138. new_attr, version = self._deprecated_aliases[old_attr]
  139. new_value = getattr(self, new_attr)
  140. if new_value != change.new:
  141. # only warn if different
  142. # protects backward-compatible config from warnings
  143. # if they set the same value under both names
  144. self.log.warning(
  145. f"{self.__class__.__name__}.{old_attr} is deprecated in jupyter_client "
  146. f"{version}, use {self.__class__.__name__}.{new_attr} instead"
  147. )
  148. setattr(self, new_attr, change.new)
  149. def _kernel_dirs_default(self) -> list[str]:
  150. dirs = jupyter_path("kernels")
  151. # At some point, we should stop adding .ipython/kernels to the path,
  152. # but the cost to keeping it is very small.
  153. try:
  154. # this should always be valid on IPython 3+
  155. from IPython.paths import get_ipython_dir
  156. dirs.append(os.path.join(get_ipython_dir(), "kernels"))
  157. except ModuleNotFoundError:
  158. pass
  159. return dirs
  160. def find_kernel_specs(self) -> dict[str, str]:
  161. """Returns a dict mapping kernel names to resource directories."""
  162. d = {}
  163. for kernel_dir in self.kernel_dirs:
  164. kernels = _list_kernels_in(kernel_dir)
  165. for kname, spec in kernels.items():
  166. if kname not in d:
  167. self.log.debug("Found kernel %s in %s", kname, kernel_dir)
  168. d[kname] = spec
  169. if self.ensure_native_kernel and NATIVE_KERNEL_NAME not in d:
  170. try:
  171. from ipykernel.kernelspec import RESOURCES
  172. self.log.debug(
  173. "Native kernel (%s) available from %s",
  174. NATIVE_KERNEL_NAME,
  175. RESOURCES,
  176. )
  177. d[NATIVE_KERNEL_NAME] = RESOURCES
  178. except ImportError:
  179. self.log.warning("Native kernel (%s) is not available", NATIVE_KERNEL_NAME)
  180. if self.allowed_kernelspecs:
  181. # filter if there's an allow list
  182. d = {name: spec for name, spec in d.items() if name in self.allowed_kernelspecs}
  183. return d
  184. # TODO: Caching?
  185. def _get_kernel_spec_by_name(self, kernel_name: str, resource_dir: str) -> KernelSpec:
  186. """Returns a :class:`KernelSpec` instance for a given kernel_name
  187. and resource_dir.
  188. """
  189. kspec = None
  190. if kernel_name == NATIVE_KERNEL_NAME:
  191. try:
  192. from ipykernel.kernelspec import RESOURCES, get_kernel_dict
  193. except ImportError:
  194. # It should be impossible to reach this, but let's play it safe
  195. pass
  196. else:
  197. if resource_dir == RESOURCES:
  198. kdict = get_kernel_dict()
  199. kspec = self.kernel_spec_class(resource_dir=resource_dir, **kdict)
  200. if not kspec:
  201. kspec = self.kernel_spec_class.from_resource_dir(resource_dir)
  202. if not KPF.instance(parent=self.parent).is_provisioner_available(kspec):
  203. raise NoSuchKernel(kernel_name)
  204. return kspec
  205. def _find_spec_directory(self, kernel_name: str) -> str | None:
  206. """Find the resource directory of a named kernel spec"""
  207. for kernel_dir in [kd for kd in self.kernel_dirs if os.path.isdir(kd)]:
  208. files = os.listdir(kernel_dir)
  209. for f in files:
  210. path = pjoin(kernel_dir, f)
  211. if f.lower() == kernel_name and _is_kernel_dir(path):
  212. return path
  213. if kernel_name == NATIVE_KERNEL_NAME:
  214. try:
  215. from ipykernel.kernelspec import RESOURCES
  216. except ImportError:
  217. pass
  218. else:
  219. return RESOURCES
  220. return None
  221. def get_kernel_spec(self, kernel_name: str) -> KernelSpec:
  222. """Returns a :class:`KernelSpec` instance for the given kernel_name.
  223. Raises :exc:`NoSuchKernel` if the given kernel name is not found.
  224. """
  225. if not _is_valid_kernel_name(kernel_name):
  226. self.log.warning(
  227. f"Kernelspec name {kernel_name} is invalid: {_kernel_name_description}"
  228. )
  229. resource_dir = self._find_spec_directory(kernel_name.lower())
  230. if resource_dir is None:
  231. raise NoSuchKernel(kernel_name)
  232. return self._get_kernel_spec_by_name(kernel_name, resource_dir)
  233. def get_all_specs(self) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
  234. """Returns a dict mapping kernel names to kernelspecs.
  235. Returns a dict of the form::
  236. {
  237. 'kernel_name': {
  238. 'resource_dir': '/path/to/kernel_name',
  239. 'spec': {"the spec itself": ...}
  240. },
  241. ...
  242. }
  243. """
  244. d = self.find_kernel_specs()
  245. res = {}
  246. for kname, resource_dir in d.items():
  247. try:
  248. if self.__class__ is KernelSpecManager:
  249. spec = self._get_kernel_spec_by_name(kname, resource_dir)
  250. else:
  251. # avoid calling private methods in subclasses,
  252. # which may have overridden find_kernel_specs
  253. # and get_kernel_spec, but not the newer get_all_specs
  254. spec = self.get_kernel_spec(kname)
  255. res[kname] = {"resource_dir": resource_dir, "spec": spec.to_dict()}
  256. except NoSuchKernel:
  257. pass # The appropriate warning has already been logged
  258. except Exception:
  259. self.log.warning("Error loading kernelspec %r", kname, exc_info=True)
  260. return res
  261. def remove_kernel_spec(self, name: str) -> str:
  262. """Remove a kernel spec directory by name.
  263. Returns the path that was deleted.
  264. """
  265. save_native = self.ensure_native_kernel
  266. try:
  267. self.ensure_native_kernel = False
  268. specs = self.find_kernel_specs()
  269. finally:
  270. self.ensure_native_kernel = save_native
  271. spec_dir = specs[name]
  272. self.log.debug("Removing %s", spec_dir)
  273. if os.path.islink(spec_dir):
  274. os.remove(spec_dir)
  275. else:
  276. shutil.rmtree(spec_dir)
  277. return spec_dir
  278. def _get_destination_dir(
  279. self, kernel_name: str, user: bool = False, prefix: str | None = None
  280. ) -> str:
  281. if user:
  282. return os.path.join(self.user_kernel_dir, kernel_name)
  283. elif prefix:
  284. return os.path.join(os.path.abspath(prefix), "share", "jupyter", "kernels", kernel_name)
  285. else:
  286. return os.path.join(SYSTEM_JUPYTER_PATH[0], "kernels", kernel_name)
  287. def install_kernel_spec(
  288. self,
  289. source_dir: str,
  290. kernel_name: str | None = None,
  291. user: bool = False,
  292. replace: bool | None = None,
  293. prefix: str | None = None,
  294. ) -> str:
  295. """Install a kernel spec by copying its directory.
  296. If ``kernel_name`` is not given, the basename of ``source_dir`` will
  297. be used.
  298. If ``user`` is False, it will attempt to install into the systemwide
  299. kernel registry. If the process does not have appropriate permissions,
  300. an :exc:`OSError` will be raised.
  301. If ``prefix`` is given, the kernelspec will be installed to
  302. PREFIX/share/jupyter/kernels/KERNEL_NAME. This can be sys.prefix
  303. for installation inside virtual or conda envs.
  304. """
  305. source_dir = source_dir.rstrip("/\\")
  306. if not kernel_name:
  307. kernel_name = os.path.basename(source_dir)
  308. kernel_name = kernel_name.lower()
  309. if not _is_valid_kernel_name(kernel_name):
  310. msg = f"Invalid kernel name {kernel_name!r}. {_kernel_name_description}"
  311. raise ValueError(msg)
  312. if user and prefix:
  313. msg = "Can't specify both user and prefix. Please choose one or the other."
  314. raise ValueError(msg)
  315. if replace is not None:
  316. warnings.warn(
  317. "replace is ignored. Installing a kernelspec always replaces an existing "
  318. "installation",
  319. DeprecationWarning,
  320. stacklevel=2,
  321. )
  322. destination = self._get_destination_dir(kernel_name, user=user, prefix=prefix)
  323. self.log.debug("Installing kernelspec in %s", destination)
  324. kernel_dir = os.path.dirname(destination)
  325. if kernel_dir not in self.kernel_dirs:
  326. self.log.warning(
  327. "Installing to %s, which is not in %s. The kernelspec may not be found.",
  328. kernel_dir,
  329. self.kernel_dirs,
  330. )
  331. if os.path.isdir(destination):
  332. self.log.info("Removing existing kernelspec in %s", destination)
  333. shutil.rmtree(destination)
  334. shutil.copytree(source_dir, destination)
  335. self.log.info("Installed kernelspec %s in %s", kernel_name, destination)
  336. return destination
  337. def install_native_kernel_spec(self, user: bool = False) -> None:
  338. """DEPRECATED: Use ipykernel.kernelspec.install"""
  339. warnings.warn(
  340. "install_native_kernel_spec is deprecated. Use ipykernel.kernelspec import install.",
  341. stacklevel=2,
  342. )
  343. from ipykernel.kernelspec import install
  344. install(self, user=user)
  345. def find_kernel_specs() -> dict[str, str]:
  346. """Returns a dict mapping kernel names to resource directories."""
  347. return KernelSpecManager().find_kernel_specs()
  348. def get_kernel_spec(kernel_name: str) -> KernelSpec:
  349. """Returns a :class:`KernelSpec` instance for the given kernel_name.
  350. Raises KeyError if the given kernel name is not found.
  351. """
  352. return KernelSpecManager().get_kernel_spec(kernel_name)
  353. def install_kernel_spec(
  354. source_dir: str,
  355. kernel_name: str | None = None,
  356. user: bool = False,
  357. replace: bool | None = False,
  358. prefix: str | None = None,
  359. ) -> str:
  360. """Install a kernel spec in a given directory."""
  361. return KernelSpecManager().install_kernel_spec(source_dir, kernel_name, user, replace, prefix)
  362. install_kernel_spec.__doc__ = KernelSpecManager.install_kernel_spec.__doc__
  363. def install_native_kernel_spec(user: bool = False) -> None:
  364. """Install the native kernel spec."""
  365. KernelSpecManager().install_native_kernel_spec(user=user)
  366. install_native_kernel_spec.__doc__ = KernelSpecManager.install_native_kernel_spec.__doc__