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- """Affine transforms, both in general and specific, named transforms."""
- from math import cos, pi, sin, tan
- import numpy as np
- import shapely
- __all__ = ["affine_transform", "rotate", "scale", "skew", "translate"]
- def affine_transform(geom, matrix):
- r"""Return a transformed geometry using an affine transformation matrix.
- The coefficient matrix is provided as a list or tuple with 6 or 12 items
- for 2D or 3D transformations, respectively.
- For 2D affine transformations, the 6 parameter matrix is::
- [a, b, d, e, xoff, yoff]
- which represents the augmented matrix::
- [x'] / a b xoff \ [x]
- [y'] = | d e yoff | [y]
- [1 ] \ 0 0 1 / [1]
- or the equations for the transformed coordinates::
- x' = a * x + b * y + xoff
- y' = d * x + e * y + yoff
- For 3D affine transformations, the 12 parameter matrix is::
- [a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, xoff, yoff, zoff]
- which represents the augmented matrix::
- [x'] / a b c xoff \ [x]
- [y'] = | d e f yoff | [y]
- [z'] | g h i zoff | [z]
- [1 ] \ 0 0 0 1 / [1]
- or the equations for the transformed coordinates::
- x' = a * x + b * y + c * z + xoff
- y' = d * x + e * y + f * z + yoff
- z' = g * x + h * y + i * z + zoff
- """
- if len(matrix) == 6:
- ndim = 2
- a, b, d, e, xoff, yoff = matrix
- if geom.has_z:
- ndim = 3
- i = 1.0
- c = f = g = h = zoff = 0.0
- elif len(matrix) == 12:
- ndim = 3
- a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, xoff, yoff, zoff = matrix
- if not geom.has_z:
- ndim = 2
- else:
- raise ValueError("'matrix' expects either 6 or 12 coefficients")
- # if ndim == 2:
- # A = np.array([[a, b], [d, e]], dtype=float)
- # off = np.array([xoff, yoff], dtype=float)
- # else:
- # A = np.array([[a, b, c], [d, e, f], [g, h, i]], dtype=float)
- # off = np.array([xoff, yoff, zoff], dtype=float)
- def _affine_coords(coords):
- # These are equivalent, but unfortunately not robust
- # result = np.matmul(coords, A.T) + off
- # result = np.matmul(A, coords.T).T + off
- # Therefore, manual matrix multiplication is needed
- if ndim == 2:
- x, y = coords.T
- xp = a * x + b * y + xoff
- yp = d * x + e * y + yoff
- result = np.stack([xp, yp]).T
- elif ndim == 3:
- x, y, z = coords.T
- xp = a * x + b * y + c * z + xoff
- yp = d * x + e * y + f * z + yoff
- zp = g * x + h * y + i * z + zoff
- result = np.stack([xp, yp, zp]).T
- return result
- return shapely.transform(geom, _affine_coords, include_z=ndim == 3)
- def interpret_origin(geom, origin, ndim):
- """Return interpreted coordinate tuple for origin parameter.
- This is a helper function for other transform functions.
- The point of origin can be a keyword 'center' for the 2D bounding box
- center, 'centroid' for the geometry's 2D centroid, a Point object or a
- coordinate tuple (x0, y0, z0).
- """
- # get coordinate tuple from 'origin' from keyword or Point type
- if origin == "center":
- # bounding box center
- minx, miny, maxx, maxy = geom.bounds
- origin = ((maxx + minx) / 2.0, (maxy + miny) / 2.0)
- elif origin == "centroid":
- origin = geom.centroid.coords[0]
- elif isinstance(origin, str):
- raise ValueError(f"'origin' keyword {origin!r} is not recognized")
- elif getattr(origin, "geom_type", None) == "Point":
- origin = origin.coords[0]
- # origin should now be tuple-like
- if len(origin) not in (2, 3):
- raise ValueError("Expected number of items in 'origin' to be either 2 or 3")
- if ndim == 2:
- return origin[0:2]
- else: # 3D coordinate
- if len(origin) == 2:
- return origin + (0.0,)
- else:
- return origin
- def rotate(geom, angle, origin="center", use_radians=False):
- r"""Return a rotated geometry on a 2D plane.
- The angle of rotation can be specified in either degrees (default) or
- radians by setting ``use_radians=True``. Positive angles are
- counter-clockwise and negative are clockwise rotations.
- The point of origin can be a keyword 'center' for the bounding box
- center (default), 'centroid' for the geometry's centroid, a Point object
- or a coordinate tuple (x0, y0).
- The affine transformation matrix for 2D rotation is:
- / cos(r) -sin(r) xoff \
- | sin(r) cos(r) yoff |
- \ 0 0 1 /
- where the offsets are calculated from the origin Point(x0, y0):
- xoff = x0 - x0 * cos(r) + y0 * sin(r)
- yoff = y0 - x0 * sin(r) - y0 * cos(r)
- """
- if geom.is_empty:
- return geom
- if not use_radians: # convert from degrees
- angle = angle * pi / 180.0
- cosp = cos(angle)
- sinp = sin(angle)
- if abs(cosp) < 2.5e-16:
- cosp = 0.0
- if abs(sinp) < 2.5e-16:
- sinp = 0.0
- x0, y0 = interpret_origin(geom, origin, 2)
- # fmt: off
- matrix = (cosp, -sinp, 0.0,
- sinp, cosp, 0.0,
- 0.0, 0.0, 1.0,
- x0 - x0 * cosp + y0 * sinp, y0 - x0 * sinp - y0 * cosp, 0.0)
- # fmt: on
- return affine_transform(geom, matrix)
- def scale(geom, xfact=1.0, yfact=1.0, zfact=1.0, origin="center"):
- r"""Return a scaled geometry, scaled by factors along each dimension.
- The point of origin can be a keyword 'center' for the 2D bounding box
- center (default), 'centroid' for the geometry's 2D centroid, a Point
- object or a coordinate tuple (x0, y0, z0).
- Negative scale factors will mirror or reflect coordinates.
- The general 3D affine transformation matrix for scaling is:
- / xfact 0 0 xoff \
- | 0 yfact 0 yoff |
- | 0 0 zfact zoff |
- \ 0 0 0 1 /
- where the offsets are calculated from the origin Point(x0, y0, z0):
- xoff = x0 - x0 * xfact
- yoff = y0 - y0 * yfact
- zoff = z0 - z0 * zfact
- """
- if geom.is_empty:
- return geom
- x0, y0, z0 = interpret_origin(geom, origin, 3)
- # fmt: off
- matrix = (xfact, 0.0, 0.0,
- 0.0, yfact, 0.0,
- 0.0, 0.0, zfact,
- x0 - x0 * xfact, y0 - y0 * yfact, z0 - z0 * zfact)
- # fmt: on
- return affine_transform(geom, matrix)
- def skew(geom, xs=0.0, ys=0.0, origin="center", use_radians=False):
- r"""Return a skewed geometry, sheared by angles along x and y dimensions.
- The shear angle can be specified in either degrees (default) or radians
- by setting ``use_radians=True``.
- The point of origin can be a keyword 'center' for the bounding box
- center (default), 'centroid' for the geometry's centroid, a Point object
- or a coordinate tuple (x0, y0).
- The general 2D affine transformation matrix for skewing is:
- / 1 tan(xs) xoff \
- | tan(ys) 1 yoff |
- \ 0 0 1 /
- where the offsets are calculated from the origin Point(x0, y0):
- xoff = -y0 * tan(xs)
- yoff = -x0 * tan(ys)
- """
- if geom.is_empty:
- return geom
- if not use_radians: # convert from degrees
- xs = xs * pi / 180.0
- ys = ys * pi / 180.0
- tanx = tan(xs)
- tany = tan(ys)
- if abs(tanx) < 2.5e-16:
- tanx = 0.0
- if abs(tany) < 2.5e-16:
- tany = 0.0
- x0, y0 = interpret_origin(geom, origin, 2)
- # fmt: off
- matrix = (1.0, tanx, 0.0,
- tany, 1.0, 0.0,
- 0.0, 0.0, 1.0,
- -y0 * tanx, -x0 * tany, 0.0)
- # fmt: on
- return affine_transform(geom, matrix)
- def translate(geom, xoff=0.0, yoff=0.0, zoff=0.0):
- r"""Return a translated geometry shifted by offsets along each dimension.
- The general 3D affine transformation matrix for translation is:
- / 1 0 0 xoff \
- | 0 1 0 yoff |
- | 0 0 1 zoff |
- \ 0 0 0 1 /
- """
- if geom.is_empty:
- return geom
- # fmt: off
- matrix = (1.0, 0.0, 0.0,
- 0.0, 1.0, 0.0,
- 0.0, 0.0, 1.0,
- xoff, yoff, zoff)
- # fmt: on
- return affine_transform(geom, matrix)
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